A Nigerian-trained pharmacist is investigating a question that conventional fertility testing does not always answer: whether sperm are not only present and properly formed, but functionally capable of fertilising an egg.
That research is now attracting international recognition.
Chika Onochie, a Nigerian pharmacist and doctoral researcher at McGill University in Canada, has received a research award valued at up to CAD $100,000 from Québec’s Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ) for his work on new ways of assessing male fertility.
Onochie’s doctoral research centres on molecular biomarkers that could reveal the functional capacity of sperm. The aim is to provide researchers and clinicians with information that may not be captured by routine semen analysis, which commonly examines factors such as sperm count and morphology.
The question emerged partly from Onochie’s experience in Nigeria.
He graduated from the University of Benin in 2021 with First-Class Honours, earning both Bachelor of Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy degrees. After his studies, he worked as a clinical pharmacist before moving to Canada for doctoral training.
His academic and professional experience exposed him to differences in how infertility can be investigated among couples. While women may undergo extensive examinations when conception proves difficult, assessment of the man can sometimes end with a basic semen analysis.
“My training and practice as a pharmacist in Nigeria allowed me to see some of the inequalities surrounding reproductive healthcare firsthand,” Onochie said.
The experience prompted him to examine what conventional male fertility testing might leave unanswered.
“I came to understand that the problem was not simply that men were being overlooked, but that we still lack reliable biomarkers that can tell us whether sperm are functionally capable of fertilization,” he said.
Onochie joined McGill University in 2023 to pursue a PhD in Pharmacology. His work examines molecular changes in sperm and how those changes could help establish their fertilising potential.
“One of the problems we face is that routine semen analysis does not tell us everything about whether sperm are functionally capable of fertilization,” he said.
“My research aims to identify functional biomarkers that could provide a more complete assessment of male fertility, particularly in cases where conventional testing does not adequately explain why a couple is experiencing infertility.”
His research is being conducted under the supervision of Professor Cristian O’Flaherty, a reproductive health researcher whose laboratory studies the molecular mechanisms involved in sperm production, function and activation, as well as the development of diagnostic tools for male infertility.
The work has also produced a contribution to the scientific literature. In 2025, Onochie co-authored a peer-reviewed review examining redox-induced protein modifications in spermatozoa and how those molecular changes may influence sperm function and male infertility.
The latest recognition came through the FRQ Doctoral Research Scholarships programme following the Fall 2025 competition. An official award letter stated that Onochie’s application received a positive recommendation from the peer-review committee and was subsequently supported through the deliberations of the FRQ Board of Directors.
The CAD $100,000 award will support his doctoral research, although the funding remains conditional on the adoption by Québec’s National Assembly of the necessary budgetary appropriations under the Financial Administration Act (CQLR, c. A-6.001), as well as decisions by the FRQ Board of Directors relating to its strategic planning. The letter also states that the award may be modified at any time without prior notice.
Onochie sees the recognition as an acknowledgement of the education and scientific preparation that began in Nigeria.
“Receiving this award is particularly meaningful to me because much of the foundation for my career was built in Nigeria,” he said.
“To be recognised in a highly competitive process alongside other well-trained researchers is also a reflection of the quality of education and scientific training I received in Nigeria.”
“My training there gave me the foundation to compete internationally, and I am proud to carry that foundation forward in my research,” he added.
Onochie hopes the research will eventually contribute to improved tools for understanding male infertility and encourage a more balanced approach to reproductive healthcare.
“Infertility is a couple’s issue,” he said.
“Improving how we evaluate male fertility is important not only scientifically, but also for creating a more balanced approach to reproductive healthcare.”
From his pharmacy training at the University of Benin to molecular research at McGill, Onochie’s work is now focused on expanding what scientists can learn about male fertility beyond the measurements provided by conventional testing.