Nigeria has taken a major step toward reshaping the way its ports are commercially regulated with the signing of the Nigerian Port Economic Regulatory Agency Act, 2026, establishing a dedicated statutory framework for economic regulation across the nation’s ports.
The legislation creates the Nigerian Port Economic Regulatory Agency (NPERA), giving it responsibility for areas including tariffs, rates and charges, competition, service standards and commercial disputes.
President Bola Tinubu signed the Act on Thursday, August 13, 2026, bringing more than a decade of attempts to establish a permanent legal foundation for port economic regulation to a conclusion.
Pius Akutah, executive secretary of the Nigerian Shippers’ Council (NSC), confirmed the development in a Facebook post, stating: “Nigerian Port Economic Regulatory Agency Act, 2026. Thank you Mr President for making it a reality.”
The new framework changes the legal basis on which Nigeria’s port economy is regulated. Since 2014, the Nigerian Shippers’ Council has served as the country’s interim port economic regulator after the Federal Government designated it to perform that role following the 2006 port concessions.
The council’s regulatory authority, however, had largely rested on presidential directives and regulations rather than a dedicated Act of Parliament. The new legislation provides a statutory basis for economic oversight and formally addresses the question of who should regulate the commercial relationship between port operators and users.
Its practical effect will now depend on implementation. Importers, exporters, shipping lines, terminal operators and other port users will be watching how and when the Act takes effect, how its powers are transferred and what institutional arrangement emerges during the transition.
A particularly important issue is the future of the Nigerian Shippers’ Council. Earlier versions of the legislation proposed repealing the Nigerian Shippers’ Council Act, but the final institutional and transitional provisions of the 2026 law will determine whether the council is transformed into the new regulator or whether a separate institution is established to take over the responsibility.
The creation of NPERA is the result of a legislative effort that has crossed several National Assemblies. Bills seeking to establish a dedicated port economic regulator were considered during the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth assemblies, but none became law.
The latest attempt began with the Nigerian Shipping and Port Economic Regulatory Agency Bill 2023. The proposal was introduced in the House of Representatives in February 2024 and passed second reading the following month. It sought to repeal the Nigerian Shippers’ Council Act and replace it with a new statutory framework.
The Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) raised objections concerning provisions relating to shipping regulation, licences, fees and charges. The Nigerian Ports Authority also questioned possible overlaps with its responsibilities as the landlord and concessioning authority of the ports.
After eventually passing the National Assembly, the legislation was transmitted to the Presidency but was not immediately assented to. It was returned to lawmakers for amendments, including issues relating to its mandate and potential conflicts with the Nigerian Tax Administration Act 2025.
The House revised the legislation, while the Senate reconsidered its earlier passage. By March 2026, Akutah said the revised bill was awaiting Senate concurrence before being retransmitted to the Presidency. The Senate considered the amended legislation in April, paving the way for its eventual return to the President.
The August 13 assent therefore marks the culmination of a prolonged effort to move Nigeria’s port economic regulation from an interim arrangement into a statutory system.
For the maritime industry and the wider Nigerian economy, the importance of the reform will ultimately be measured by what happens after the signing. Clearer rules around charges, competition, service standards and commercial disputes could improve predictability for businesses operating through the ports, but those benefits will depend on effective implementation and clearly defined relationships among NPERA and existing maritime institutions.
Nigeria’s ports are a vital gateway for international trade, and the establishment of a dedicated economic regulator provides an opportunity to strengthen the commercial environment surrounding them.
The country has now settled the legislative question. The next challenge is to turn the new legal framework into an effective regulatory system capable of supporting a more transparent, competitive and efficient Nigerian port sector.